Research Papers on Artificial Sweeteners

Artificial Sweeteners: Aspartame Artificial sweetener is, basically, a replacement for sugar, the main difference being that the sweetener has fewer calories than its natural analogue. It is of white color, powdery and has no particular smell. Although it is said to be a sugar substitute, it is important to note that these substitutes can be subdivided into natural (for example, agave) and artificial sweeteners (e.g. aspartame). This report will expound on aspartame in particular. In 1965 chemist James M. Schlatter, working in G.D. Searle Company, discovered this sweetener albeit by accident, when he was working on an antiulcer drug candidate. Aspartame was first synthesized as an artificial non-saccharide sweetener used in some beverages and foods. It is a methyl ester of the phenylalanine dipeptide. This sweetener is approximately two hundred times sweeter than table sugar, because of which its calorific contribution is negligible. Aspartame and other artificial sweeteners have a distinctive difference from the normal sugars, especially regarding the onset of sweetness and how long it lasts, though aspartame is the closest in terms of taste to the table sugar. Since the sweetness of aspartame lasts longer than sucrose, it is mostly used together with other artificial sweeteners to produce a more natural sugary taste. Primarily, aspartame was derived from aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol, which occur naturally in food through the processes of fermentation and synthesis. The direct fermentation process, which takes about three days, produces a contingent of bacteria enough to produce the required amino acids. These bacteria are destroyed at the end of the process to remain with the amino acids. The synthesis process involves a number of chemical pathways, but generally in order to form aspartame phenylalanine is combined with methanol, then with aspartic acid. The solid residue made after the metacatalyst has been taken away is filtered in an aqueous ethanol solution and then recrystallized to give the powder aspartame. The natural residue components of aspartame are aspartic acid, methanol and phenylalanine, which are realized when this sweetener is broken down once it has been digested. There occurs further digestion, the results being formaldehyde and formic acid, which is believed to be the cause of injury in methanol poisoning if it accumulates. However, for those who have the condition called Phenylketonuria (PKU), the sweetener is not advisable to use simply because phenylalanine is not properly metabolized in this case. Aspartame holds one significant advantage – it offers a perfect option for diabetics or those on a low calorie diet to enjoy a wide variety of desserts with low fat. Its introduction in diet is good for the reduction of blood sugar levels for people suffering from diabetes. Much has been said about the benefits of aspartame, but, as a naturopathic nutritionist, I would not use this sweetener chiefly because of its side effects, which include eye and ear complications, psychological imbalances, neurologic complications and allergies. Although aspartame is currently the best alternative to natural sugar, scientists are still

Discuss the Biological Approach in Psychology Essay example

Discuss the biological approach in psychology. Refer to at least one other approach in your answer. (12 marks) The biological approach focuses on both the physiological and evolutionary aspects which explain human behaviour. The causal level of analysis incorporates physiological explanations, such as the effect of nerves and hormones on behaviour. According to biological psychologists, behaviour is controlled by the nervous system, which consists of the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (the surrounding nerves), which itself includes the autonomic nervous system that controls automatic processes such as heart rate and the fight or flight syndrome. Within the central nervous system,†¦show more content†¦In what he called the ‘survival of the fittest’, Darwin suggested that through the process of natural selection animals with particular characteristics, as a result of possessing advantageous alleles, will survive. However, those with maladaptive genes cannot adapt to changes in environmental conditions, so will die or become extinct. Dowling (1994) stated that this process depends on three principles: species diversity, interact ion and the spread of a species as a result of differential amplification. Sexual selection is another component of Darwin’s research, which explains the best strategies adopted for passing on genes to offspring. Moreover, there are problems with Darwin’s theory such as his attempts to generalise animal behaviour to the way in which humans interact in their environment. However, he has presented compelling evidence which is very scientific in its approach and methodology. Furthermore, contrary to Darwin’s evolutionary idea of survival of an individual, Dawkins (1976) suggested that the survival of the genes is more important. Schizophrenia twin studies have found a 46% concordance rate for monozygotic twins compared with a 14% concordance for dizygotic twins. This high concordance suggests the contribution of genotype to the onset of schizophrenia, yet the 40% discordancy indicates that environment must play a role in the development of this condition. Moreover, localisation ofShow MoreRelatedSocial And Cultural Context Of Psychology818 Words   |  4 PagesKatja Gavrilina Define the term Psychology and discuss its history in light of social and cultural context, highlighting the significance of different perspectives in Psychology. Psychology is defined as the scientific study of mental processes and human behaviour. It had roots in philosophy and physiology, before becoming an independent scientific discipline in the late 1800 s. 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Some psychologists will look at biologic al studies of the brain, other may explore how

Achilles Free Essays

* Wrath in its fullest potential can fuel the most heated of battles, but it can also corrupt and destroy the rational mind. In Homer’s, Iliad, wrath is a key component to understanding Homer’s input of emotion on the battlefield of Troy. Achilles creates this emotion throughout the epic. We will write a custom essay sample on Achilles or any similar topic only for you Order Now He shows his anger in three ways. First, he leaves command with his soldiers. Second, he curses the Greeks. And finally he kills Hektor to avenge Patroklos. He is justified in revenge because Agamemnon dishonored him by taking his concubine. He has a right to get revenge and reclaim his honor because he is a superior fighter. Achilles, however, was taken over by anger and acts dishonorably in this haze of emotion. * The beginning of Achilles’ wrath begins when he becomes infuriated by the way Agamemnon has publicly humiliated and dishonored him. Achilles feels that he is a greater warrior than Agamemnon and deserves more than he is rewarded after battles because he shows more honor and bravery than any other man. After being publicly humiliated and dishonored, Achilles is pushed to the edge of anger and announces, â€Å"So must I be called out every order you may happen to give me. Tell other men to do these things, but give me no more commands, since I for my part have no intention to obey you. And put away in your thoughts this other thing I tell you. With my hands I will not fight for the girl’s sake, neither with you nor any other man, since you take her who gave her. † Achilles leaving with his soldiers is dishonorable because he must fight to fulfill his fate and he cannot gain any glory by not fighting. Achilles inhibits his destiny to leave after he is humiliated by Agamemnon and striped of his concubine Briseis. If Achilles does not fight in Troy, he will not be able to fulfill his destiny of bringing honor and having his name live on forever. This state of wrath he feels inside almost destroys his path to destiny by bringing him away from battle. As he leaves in his rage, he sends a prayer to his mother asking that the Trojan armies defeat his fellow Achaians to bring shame on Agamemnon, which is a result of his wrath. As the war rages on, the Trojans have pushed the Achaians back to their ships. This is a huge turning point in the war for the Trojans, because if they are able to set fire to one ship, they could destroy the whole camp, leading to a swift defeat of the Achaians, thereby fulfilling Achilles prayer. Achilles cursing the Greeks is somewhat justified because he is using tricks to gain honor. Lendon takes this theory of trickery and expands saying the smartest and strongest warrior will bring gain the most honor. Achilles’ act of ensuring the Greeks will be brought to the edge of defeat will ensure that he will be able to come in at the end when all hope is lost and save the day by fighting to the death, making him the greatest warrior of all time and carving his name into immortality. When Achilles hears of his beloved friend, Patroklos’ death he weeps, tearing his hair and throwing himself to the ground. This sets the tone of revenge in his heart, as he decides to enter the war, and slay Hektor and twelve Trojans at the funeral prye of Patroklos. Homer brings to this scene the fury of a man who has lost everything that he held dear to his heart. His king stripped his honor, his lover was taken away from him, and now his closest friend was brutally killed by Hektor. Achilles rage and wrath become so great in this book that he accepts his fate of entering the war, and gaining the glory and honor he deserves by ultimately dying in the war. This act of extreme lament and sadness shows how much Achilles truly cared and respected Patroklos as a person. He becomes enraged from the loss of his ally, and swears to have Hektor slain. Revenge is a way of honor in the Greek culture. If a father is slain in battle by someone, it is usually the son’s mission to revenge kill the person who had slain his father. In this case Achilles was going to slay Hektor to make right what happened to Patroklos. As the battle rages on, Achilles slays many Trojans. His honor comes into question, as his wrath is so overwhelming he kills opponents before they even have time to announce themselves. Achilles’ honor is somewhat lost as he disrespects the bodies he has slain, by filling up the River Xanthos with blood. The disrespect of the bodies even angers the river god, who chases Achilles across the battlefield. As his wrath reaches its climax Achilles finally finds Hektor and faces him in combat, killing him in the process. Achilles’ honor comes into question again as he maliciously drags Hektor’s body around the Trojan wall. Achilles is justified in killing Hector to avenge Patroklos, but he acts dishonorably when he defiles Hector’s body. By killing Hektor, Achilles has restored honor to his dead friend Patroklos by revenge killing Hektor. In the heat of the moment Achilles becomes overwhelmed with wrath and drags Hektor’s body around the walls of Troy. He greatly dishonors the body by letting it get eaten by dogs, and by not giving it to Troy for a proper burial. His wrath at this point has reached its climax, until the old king of Troy, Priam, snaps him out of his wrath by reminding him of when he yearned to have a proper burial for his father. As he becomes remorseful, he becomes ready for the final chapter of his life and Troy falls and his death becomes eminent. When you look at how Achilles acted on the battlefield, with his bravery and anger, the feeling seem must be mutual for other Greeks. As the readings Achilochus of Paros and Tyrtaus show that Homer’s views changed dramatically in the Archaic age. These views of the Archaic age changed so drastically due to the formation of the phalanx style of war, by bringing single fought combat to a larger scale combat where honor was gained by killing one person, but holding your line in the phalanx and protecting your brothers you were fighting with. Achilochus first poem states that cowardice is acceptable as long as you survive battle. This goes against every moral fiber of a Homeric point of view. In Homer’s view this would be a sign of great shame and dishonor. His second poem is about how leaders should be experienced in battle and not fresh out of training. This agrees with Homer’s view of how the greatest warriors have been in the most battles. Tyrtaus poem states that holding the line in a phalanx is honorable, while in Homer’s view Achilles gained the most honor, by acting alone and fighting for his own personal glory. These views of the Archaic age changed so drastically due to the formation of the phalanx style of war, by bringing individually fought combat to larger scale combat where honor was gained by not necessarily by killing, but holding your line in the phalanx and protecting your brothers you were fighting with. Wrath in its fullest potential can fuel the most heated of battles, but it can also corrupt and destroy the rational mind. He became justified in revenge because Agamemnon dishonored him by taking his concubine. He reclaimed the honor of his fellow friend. And he ultimately slain Hektor and brought forth his of his name living forever. Achilles, however, was taken over by anger and acts dishonorably in this haze of emotion. Bibliography Homer, Illiad, translated by Richmond Lattimore (Chicago: TheUniversity of Chicago Press 1951) Lendon, J, Solders Ghosts (New Haven: Yale University, 2005) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Lendon, J, Solders Ghosts (New Haven: Yale University, 2005) How to cite Achilles, Papers

Sex Death free essay sample

Femininity as seen in the movies Carrie (USA, De Palma, 1976) and Ginger Snaps (Canada, Fawcett, 2001). This paper compares the use of femininity as being the other to the male norm in two horror films: Carrie and Ginger Snaps. The writer shows that in contemporary horror films the other is used as a basis for horror while femininity is the other represented in these two films. The concept of the Other has been motivating horror film since the genres inception in the early 1900s by the German expressionist movement. The Other represents that which is not of the norm, and because of this becomes an object of fear and loathing. What is not understood has always stood as a point of horror. It then stands to reason that in a patriarchal society, women are easily placed in the category of Other by the male dominated norm. Female sexuality has been demonized in mainstream horror, and the process that leads to it, puberty, shown as the cause of evil. We will write a custom essay sample on Sex Death or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Two films that are prime examples of this trend, and which we will be discussing at length, are Carrie (USA, De Palma, 1976) and Ginger Snaps (Canada, Fawcett, 2001). Both films show a young girl whom at the onset of puberty develops monstrous abilities. This monstrosity paralleled with the girls awakening sexuality, and it is the repression, or lack thereof, of this monstrosity/sexuality that leads to catastrophic results.

Moral Decline Of The Roman Republic Essays - Sallust, Sallustii

Moral Decline of the Roman Republic An Exploration of Sallust's and Plutarch's View of the Jamie Neufeld ST# 864583 For: L. Foley Class. 111.3 (08) Though there are varied dates as to the time that the Roman Republic stood, it is agreed upon as lasting approximately 500 years. During the last century of its existence (133 BC -27 BC) there were the many violent years of The Civil Wars and much social strife. Though the end result of these final years of the res publica was the adoption of an Emperor and the birth of the Roman Empire, the focus of this paper will be the presentation of the nature of tensions at the end of the res publica using selections from Sallust and Plutarch as a basis. Sallust and Plutarch, while coming from different worlds and living different lives were very much alike in the thoughts that they presented in their writing on the fall of the Roman Republic. Sallust was an active individual in Roman politics during the Republic's decline. He was a tribune in 52 BC who was kicked out of the Senate amid allegations of immorality. In 49 BC Sallust was in command of one of Julius Caesar's legions and was elected to Praetor in 47 BC. Taking part in the African Campaign earned him the governorship of Numidia in. Upon his return to Rome in the early 40's BC however he was charged with extortion, only to be released by Caesar. At this point in his life he decided to become a writer of history and lived a quiet life doing that. Plutarch's life was very much different form Sallust's. Born in Chaeronea he remained there for much of his life. His last 30 years he spent as a Priest at Delphi. There he was a devout believer in the ancient pieties and a profound student of its antiquities. The only involvement in politics at the time were stories that he was a man of influence and rumors of a governmental office being bestowed upon him by both Hadrian and Trajan. Despite the differences in their lives and backgrounds, their surviving literature has a basic underlying similarity; that being morality. To be more specific, the lack of morality on the part of the rulers of Rome during the last century of the Republic. In the following essay I will show examples of how Sallust and Plutarch point out again and again the lack of morality in the characters about whom they write in reference to the decline of the Roman Republic. Sallust begins his Bellum Catalinae by telling us how the Roman Republic was built. He shows us that the people put aside their differences and kept their common goal, peace, in mind. According to the version I have heard, in the beginning the Trojans who were wandering in exile without a fixed home under the leadership of Aeneas founded and controlled the city of Rome as a free and independent Republic along with the indigenous people, A primitive tribe of men without laws or organized government. It is remarkable how easily these two peoples united after they had been gathered together in one community in the light of their differences in race and in language and the disparity in the way in which each of them lived: in a short time a diverse and nomadic mass of people was transformed by harmony into a Republic. Later after the Republic had grown in population, institutions and territory and seemed to be sufficient in prosperity and strength then, as happens in most human affairs, envy grew out of success.1 Clearly Sallust is setting up some contrast from what was good and right to what will become the Republic's demise. At the end of the passage above Sallust points out "as happens in most human affairs, envy grew out of success." This idea is presented again later when Sallust writes: "... the rule of the Kings of which the original purpose had to protect the liberty and to strengthen the Republic turned into pride and tyranny ..."2 He is reiterating the fact that the agenda of the Kings had changed over time from one that was morally good to

Courses Recommended for Medical School Applicants

Courses Recommended for Medical School Applicants Perhaps it goes without saying that getting into medical school is challenging. With about 90,000 applicants each year and an acceptance rate of 44%, you cannot afford to slack on any entry requirements. It becomes even more challenging  gaining admission to medical school  when you are applying to the top 100 schools in the U.S., whose acceptance rate is a mere 6.9 percent in 2015.   One very simple prerequisite for entry to med school is completing all the required courses necessary to apply. These courses are nonnegotiable because they are required by the Association of American Medical Schools (AAMC), the organization that accredits medical schools. Make sure you have all of the following courses completed (or in the process of being completed) when you apply to medical school. Required Courses Since the medical field is heavy in sciences that concern the body and its environment, one would be right to assume a full year (two semesters) of biology and physics are needed to meet the AAMC prerequisites for applicants. Some schools may also require a semester of genetics and to ensure the applicant receives a well-rounded education and has the skills necessary to communicate well, a full year of English is also required.   Additionally, the AAMC requires applicants to complete one year each of organic and inorganic chemistry. These specific fields of study improve applicants understanding of the fundamentals of science as it relates to the medical field, be it for the chemicals needed in aesthetic treatment or for the chemical components of living matter.   Although thats all of the required courses specific to applying to medical schools, you also have to abide by your colleges curriculum  guidelines in order to earn your degree. Be sure to consult your counselor about which courses are required for your degree and how best to integrate the required courses into your schedule.   Recommended Courses You should also discuss courses that your counselor recommends that will give you a competitive advantage in your admission to medical school. Although these courses are not required, they could greatly help simplify your graduate-level studies. Taking Calculus- which many schools do require- could, for instance, lend to simplifying later chemistry equations youll need to use to pass advanced classes.   Many of the recommended courses also help prepare the potential med school student for being a doctor. Molecular biology, neuroscience, and upper-level psychology are often recommended to help the hopeful doctorate better understand more advanced lessons detailing the body and the brain. Statistics or epidemiology and ethics will help the doctor to understand the variety of patients and potential outcomes he or she may face in his or her career. These recommended courses illustrate the basic educational themes that med schools look for in applicants: the capacity and interest for understanding science, logical thinking,  good communication skills, and high ethical standards.  Ã‚  You don’t need to be a premed major  to complete these courses and meet the prerequisites for medical school, but make no mistake that a premed major certainly helps.

Charge of the Light Brigade Analysis Essay Example for Free

Charge of the Light Brigade Analysis Essay Charge of the Light Brigade Mini-analysis The poem, Charge of the Light Brigade, has quite a complex rhyming scheme which can make the poem difficult to understand at first. I think that he may have designed it this way to instil a feeling of victory and valour at the end of the poem. I would argue that this, along with other literary techniques, shows that Tennyson was successful in glorifying the Charge of the Light Brigade in his poem. As I mentioned before, the rhyming scheme is an integral part of the poem. The rhyming varies for each stanza, which at first seems like a large fault of the poem. The length of each stanza lengthens as the poem goes on, perhaps trying to simulate how the battle escalated. This pattern continues on until the last stanza where the number of lines is significantly reduced. This indicates the resolution of the poem. For the first verse, Tennyson utilizes an ABA pattern for the first half. â€Å"Half a league, half a league, half a league onward. † A large part of the poem is the repetition. This repetition of certain phrases creates a rhythm not unlike the galloping of horse’s hooves on the ground. This creates a feeling of verisimilitude and provides an authentic experience for the reader. The repeated phrase, â€Å"Cannon to the right of them/Cannon to the left of them/Cannon in front of them. † suggests that they were surrounded by enemies on all sides. The sentence also suggests the large imbalance of numbers on the British side compared to the Russians. This emphasises the victory at the end of the poem. While Tennyson tried hard to glorify the Charge of the Light Brigade, he also attempted to express the large amount of casualties as well. Tennyson utilized metaphor and allusion to acknowledge the amount of death on the field without being overly graphic in his description. He used the phrase, â€Å"Into the jaws of Death/Into the mouth of Hell† repeatedly to further his point. In my opinion, Tennyson accurately portrayed and glorified the Charge of the Light Brigade in his poem, using a variety of literary techniques. Charge of the Light Brigade Analysis. (2018, Oct 13).

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Marketing Plan - Essay Example Because of which the company has been able to become one of the biggest Japanese restaurants in the country providing SUZU with Sushi grade fish to the customers in Hammersmith (Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 2000, pp. 45-52). The company is into providing special quality of sushi fish to the customers in London specially focusing on the children so that they can get healthy food items. The company looks to utilize its resources very efficiently making sure that it can have the maximum productivity. The company operates from Monday to Friday providing both Lunch and dinner facility and on Saturday only Dinner facility. It makes sure that all the orders that are been placed either for take away or for delivery are been finished on time and in best quality. SUZU does operates for 8 hours in total in one day and makes sure that it has a high rate of productivity of around 80-85% making all the employees work in the most efficient way. SUZU has a strong presence of information system in the company making sure that the flow of the information from one department to other is been done very easily. The company is bale to maintain a good system which helps them to get information related to the order that is been placed and also with regards to the takeaway order so that there is no mismatch among all the orders and the right customer can be provided with the correct order that is been placed (Cheverton, 2006, pp. 56-64). Thus the management information system used by the company is of the highest quality which helps in increasing the efficiency of the company. It has got the best of Japanese chef as a member of its staff to enable it with the facility of providing the best quality food to the customers. The company has a very flexible organization structure where all the members including the founder Makiko Sano work as a single team towards achieving their goal and making sure that they get the maximum

Leisure tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leisure tourism - Essay Example e use of a Geo-demographic Information System (GIS) showed that most of the population living in Deptford is young falling in the under 35 age bracket though exceptions are present. (Burns, 2007, p. 21). Since the target market consists of youth and teenagers, the marketing and promotional strategies should be adequate for them. They are all more concerned about their health and the emotional benefits derived from exercise. Simultaneously the young market is also concerned about their looks and appearance and how it can be improved by exercise. The main research design for the problem is exploratory research. it will be used because of its high flexibility and the fact that impractical solutions are removed from the and practical solutions are generated after analyzing the gathered data. (Marketing research). Secondary research will have the advantages of being cost effective and cheap. Data will be gathered from surveys and other researches which have already been conducted and their conclusions and findings will be used to generate a set of solutions. Primary data will be more expensive and time consuming to collect and will mostly take the form of surveys and interviews. The Wavelength gym management will conduct both online and general surveys to find out more about the nature of the gyms customers. Online surveys can be deployed to survey sites which can effectively target the required audience. Whereas other surveys can be conducted at grocery stores, parks, libraries and banks in Deptford. The next step towards conducting more primary research is conducting a focus group interview. A focus group which will be a group of a few people say 10, will be gathered from Deptford and requested for a paid interview. This will be a longer interview which will be in depth and will generate more information about the target audience. The interviewees will also fall in the same age bracket as the targeted potential customers so that the needs and the promotional

Cremation Essay Example for Free

Cremation Essay I have always perceived life to be simple. As a young child, I have always been that ordinary child whom people expected little of. I could do anything to anyone without drawing much attention. As I grew older, these were not changed. I was still branded as someone of great importance to society. I tried to live my life as quietly as possible, without anyone noticing. This is the main reason why I opt to be cremated when I die. I wanted to set up funeral arrangements with my family before I die. I will let them know what I want once I depart from this wonderful world which I lived. Although this sounds morbid since I am still alive, I wanted to prepare myself and picture where will my remains be as I leave my family and friends. If ever I will die either by sickness or accident, I will let my family take my body to the nearest cremation center and burn it right away. As for my wake, I will ask my family to tell my friends and colleagues to visit our house and have them see a beautiful jar where my ashes are placed. Surrounding the said jar are my pictures that tells different stories because my so many experiences with them. Cremation is less expensive than buying caskets and a burial plot. I wanted my urn to be stored in our living room so that my family will not be lonely enough whenever they miss me. I like the idea that people will think that I am still and will always be around them. I always live in simplicity and I believe that this manner of funeral tradition is simple enough for me to be remembered.

Essay --

Definitions of yoga in terms of Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism are spiritual and discipline. It has been loved by diverse demographics. Yoga is more than posturing and increasing flexibility of our body, but it also works as a technique of not only controlling our body and mind but also managing our souls. â€Å"The traditional purpose of Yoga, however, has always been to bring about a profound transformation in the person through the transcendence of the ego.† Feuerstein3 (Ettington, 2012) The earliest beginning of yoga is still not clear, but one essay suggests that traditional yoga was originated in the Indus civilization and the early Vedic religious traditions (Jacobsen, 2005). Since then, yoga has been practiced for thousands of years and evolved and changed over time. American history of yoga starts from the time when a quota was imposed on Indian immigrants by the United States Immigrant Services, and this quota allowed Americans can visit and travel the East Asia for teaching purposes. In 1947, Theos Bernard came back to the United States from India and wrote a book called Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience. Also, at the similar time, Indra Devi, known as the grandfather of American yoga, opened the first yoga studio in California. Richard Hittleman, however, was the most contributed person who spread yoga to the large population (Hammond, n.d.). Yoga has the eightfold path, which is structural processes for yoga practices. Practicing these eight paths allows all elements of our body balanced and brings completeness to our lives if we are connected to the divine (Doran, n.d.). Among eight paths, Asanas and Pranayama are the types that are most known to the public. Asanas means practicing body postures by foc... ... pranayama, really helps people to focus on their lives more and gives them different perspectives on their lives. I would define yoga as a guide that leads people to reach to their utmost condition and place. Citation Doran, J,D,W. (n.d.) The  Eight Limbs  , The Core of Yoga. Retrieved from http://www.expressionsofspirit.com/yoga/eight-limbs.htm Ettington, M. (2012). Raja Yoga – Through the Ages. M.K. Ettington Books. Retrieved from https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/238113 Farhi, D. (n.d.). What are Yoga Asanas and Why Practice Them. Retrieved from https://www.healthy.net/Health/Article/What_are_Yoga_Asanas_and_Why_Practice_Them/1092/2 Hammond, H. (n.d.). Yoga’s Trip to America. Yoga Journal. Retrieved from http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/467 Jacob, A, K. (2005). Theory and Practice of Yoga: Essays in Honour of Gerald James Larson. MA: Brill Leiden-Boston.

Oedipus Rex and Plato’s Allegory of the Cave: The Illusion of Reality Essay

Sophocles was known for his emphasis on the individual’s uncompromising search for truth, particularly in â€Å"Oedipus Rex. † In Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave,† he, similarly to Sophocles, illustrates man’s pursuit of truth and what that means. Plato suggests that truth is subjective to each man. But what is truer? What is illusion and what is reality? Just because something is illusion for one man does not make it falsehood for the other. â€Å"To them, I said, the truth would be literally nothing but the shadows of the images† (Plato). The story of Oedipus offers a lot of examples of the philosophy that Plato poses in his dialogue. In both works, the men first had to realize their ignorance before they could begin to acquire knowledge and true understanding of the complexities of the human condition; Oedipus in a literal sense and the man in the cave in a more theoretical sense. Oedipus discovers, after piercing out his eyes, that he has finally arrived at the truth of his life and that he now has a responsibility to share his story with his children, extended family, and citizens. And in Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave,† the prisoner’s difficulty discovering the truth lies in his unfortunate restricted life within the cave. And when he escapes, he feels compelled to enlighten others with the newly found truth he has stumbled upon. â€Å"And when he remembered his old habitation, and the wisdom of the cave and his fellow prisoners, do you not suppose that he would felicitate himself on the charge and pity them? † (Plato) â€Å"Oedipus Rex† and Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† are works about truth and falsehood, about sight and blindness, about light and darkness; all of which represent the great divide between illusion and reality. Oedipus is blinded by the illusion that he has fled his fate, having overcome the prophecy. He thinks he has escaped his parents, and this illusion is his reality. Throughout the play, Oedipus utters curse upon curse onto himself without knowing because he refuses to see reality of the harsh truth before him. The contrast between what is truth and what is falsehood is a prominent theme throughout both classical works. Oedipus is on the search for truth, no matter what the cost. He finds truth to be a worthy cause, no matter what harsh realities it may show them. The emphasis on truth is seen with more clarity in the dialogue between Oedipus and Teiresias. Oedipus rages at Teiresias for speaking out against him by dictating Oedipus’ fate. Oedipus yells, â€Å"Can you possibly think you have some way of going free, after such insolence? † Then Teiresias replies, â€Å"I have gone free. It is the truth that sustains me. † Oedipus retaliates, â€Å"It seems you can go on mouthing like this forever. † Teiresias then concludes by saying, â€Å"I can if there is power in truth† (Sophocles 889-890) Teiresias, a blind man, takes consolation in the truth, despite the harshness of the reality. Oedipus, though initially enraged at this proposition, then starts to understand its importance and power. This situation is very similar to what is seen in Plato’s work. The prisoner is bound by the illusion of his false sense of comfort and security. When he is released and emerges from the cave, he is overcome by the power of the light of the sun. â€Å"The glare will distress him, and he will be unable to see the realities of which in his former state he had seen the shadows†¦ Will he not fancy that the shadows which he formerly saw are truer than the objects which are now shown to him? † (Plato) Plato’s proposition of man’s reaction to new and better truths, despite the harshness, almost perfectly parallels Oedipus’ reaction. And even the irony of when the prisoners mock their fellow inmate for being â€Å"delusional† in his lack of belief in the realities of the shadows parallel the relationship between Oedipus and Teiresias. Oedipus, after being told the reality by Teiresias says, â€Å"You child of endless night! You cannot hurt me or any other man who sees the sun† (890 lines 156-157) Oedipus is blinded by his illusions and perception of what is reality. There is blatant irony in the contrast of sight and blindness in Sophocles’ play. Oedipus, while being able to physically see, is indeed blinded to reality. Teiresias, who is physically blind, sees the reality and accepts it and attempts to spread that reality to Oedipus who is obstinate to see. Teiresias rebukes Oedipus in his mockery saying, â€Å"You call me unfeeling, if only you could see the nature of your own feelings†¦ Listen to me. You mock my blindness, do you? But I say that you, with both your eyes, are blind. You cannot see the wretchedness of your life† (Sophocles 890-891). This sight of the reality, the truth, is represented in Plato’s piece by the emerging out of the cave into the world. Obtaining sight happens, as Plato puts it, with the â€Å"mind’s eye† and the â€Å"bodily eye. † But this conversion from being blind to being able to see does not happen to everyone and not very easily. Plato argues that the capacity of sight is in the soul already, the eyes of the mind just need to turn from darkness to light in order to see the world. â€Å"†¦ the instrument of knowledge can only by the movement of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being, and of learn by degrees to endure the sight of being, and of the brightest and best of being, or in other words, of the good† (Plato). The transition from blindness to sight, darkness into light, is not a quick or easy process. It is harsh and requires determination and a strong, intellectual mind. After Oedipus is brought into the light of reality, he longs for the time he was not burdened with the harshness and misery reality brings: he wants to return to darkness, returning to the security of his illusion. â€Å"If I could have stifled my hearing at its source, I would have done it and made all this body a tight cell of misery, blank to light and sound: so I should have been safe in a dark agony beyond all recollection† (lines 159-163). The darkness of the cave and the power of the light outside of it is the most vivid picture painted by Plato in his allegory. He then continues, taking the allegory to the next level: â€Å"the prison-house [cave] is the world of sight, the light of the fire of the sun, and you will not misapprehend me if you interpret the journey upwards to be the ascent of the soul into the intellectual world according to my poor belief†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Plato) Plato is saying that the material world we live in is not the fullest reality. We live in a world that is but shadows of the fuller reality we cannot see. In the context of Plato’s world, Oedipus, then, at the end of the play is still stuck in the next level of illusion. That is why he is so depressed. He has lost all of his â€Å"sensual pleasures† that Plato warns humanity about, and Oedipus is thus left feeling hopeless and lost – in darkness. The complexity of these two works is enormous and poses questions which seem almost unanswerable. Yet they complement each other very well, as you would expect given their mutual classical background. They both address the same characteristics of life and human nature: truth and falsehood, sight and blindness, and light and darkness, all tied together by a theme of the seemingly relative divide of illusion and reality. Both works put an emphasis on the importance of truth and it’s always worth it, no matter what the cost. There are different types of sight: bodily and mental. It seems that in order to have stronger mental sight, it is better to be bodily blind as seen with Oedipus and Teiresias. Escaping from the darkness into the light is escaping the illusions that the world and you yourself have created. The individual, according to Plato, â€Å"must have his eye fixed,† so that he may, in the world of knowledge, see the idea of good, which is seen only with effort and with a wisdom which â€Å"more than anything else contains a divine element which always remains†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sophocles and Plato both see there is something missing in the reality of our world. There has to be more to this reality, we, therefore, must be living illusory lives and we need to emerge from the cave. If we do not, we are confined to a life lacking of meaning, true knowledge, and purpose. Thus the picture we have of Oedipus at the end of the play: stuck in a life which is full of falsehood, blindness, darkness, and is†¦ an illusion? Alas for the seed of men. What measure shall I give these generations that breathe on the void and are void and exist and do not exist? Who bears more weight of joy than mass of sunlight shifting in images, or who shall make his thought stay on that down time drifts away? Your splendor is all fallen†¦ O Oedipus, most royal one! The great door that expelled you to the light gave at night – ah, gave night to your glory: as to the father, to the fathering son. All understood too late†¦ For I weep the world’s outcast. I was blind, and now I can tell why: asleep, for you had given ease of breath to Thebes, while the false years went by. (911-13 lines 1-9; 32-36; 49-53)

Cook Essay

For many years, I have been interested in studying baking and pastry arts. I want to pursue a career in culinary arts and attend a college that will allow me to be creative and collaborate with people that share the same passion. To me education is the most important asset that you can have or achieve. By attending college I want to gain my associates degree, by using the knowledge I learned and hope to begin a career as a pastry chef in a well-known restaurant, and to eventually own my own bakery. Since I was a child my dad told me to go to college, earn a degree and get a good job. Lakes region provides me with an opportunity to accomplish my goal. I want to learn the history and techniques used for baking and take that knowledge and turn it into master piece. I want people to fall in love with cakes, candy, chocolate, and every other dessert under the sun the way that I have. To gain this degree it would prove to everyone including myself that I can go back to school and achieve w hat I set out to do. To earn my associates degree is very important to me because without continuing my education I wouldn’t be able to accomplish my future priorities. I feel so much pride when a cake rises into perfection, when chocolate unmolds successfully without breakage, or when the fondant goes on smoothly without any rips. My dream is to work at an upscale restaurant and be the lead pastry chef. LRCC it would make my dream into reality and prepare me for what the future lies ahead. â€Å"Find a job you love and you’ll never have to work a day in your life.† This quote by Jim Fox is a hundred percent true, whenever I’m in the kitchen baking I feel like this is what I’m supposed to be doing and I enjoy every bit. Having the ability to create multiple varieties of deserts and to decorate them would fulfill my dreams of becoming a pastry chef. The importance of your college having an impact on my life is major because without the help of the chefs teaching, guiding and handing down there knowledge is more than I could ever ask for. Without the experience and education your college could give me, I wouldn’t have the chance to work along great pastry chefs and learn and grow. A wise man once said â€Å"that our lives are defined by what we do.† Enrolling in culinary school is defining my life in a major way. I know what I want and it is to accomplish all my goals so that I have a more desirable future. I’ve never been so passionate about anything in my life. It’s important that I stay on track and give it my all so I can get my associates and then one day own a bakery. My  education is highly important to me because I want to be able to have a successful life. When I earn my associates degree it will help me achieve my dream job working as a chef. Lakes region community college is going to prepare me for everything I need to know to succeed. By attending the Lakes region community college I will gain my associates degree, begin a career as a chef, and one day own a bakery.

Ways of Saying Then in Spanish

Ways of Saying Then in Spanish Then is one of those words that can be particularly tricky to translate to Spanish. Its meaning at times is quite vague, and Spanish makes some distinctions that English does not with time sequences. Entonces is certainly the most common translation for then, but it isnt the only one you should use. Here, then, are some of the most common ways that the idea of then can be rendered in Spanish: When Then Means at That Time   The typical translation is entonces  when then is the equivalent of at that time. Later we visited the school. Then (meaning at that time) we went to eat. Ms tarde visitamos la escuela. Entonces nos fuimos a comer.I arrived home and then I felt something strange. Lleguà © a la casa y entonces sentà ­ algo extraà ±o.If I buy a house, then I will be able to keep my car in the garage. Si compro una casa, entonces podrà © guardar el coche en la cochera.If we select  this hotel, then we will eat outside.  Si elegimos  este hotel entonces iremos a cenar fuera. When Then Means Later   The distinction between then meaning at that time and later or next isnt always distinct, but the latter is often translated as luego. So while a sentence such as Ill do it then could be translated as either Lo harà © entonces or Lo harà © luego, the former suggests it will be done at a specific time, while the later suggests a later, more indefinite time. Then (meaning later or next) we are going to the mountain region and visiting the monastery. Luego vamos a la regià ³n montaà ±osa y visitamos el monasterio.The driver took us to the hotel, and then we went to the ruins of a nearby city. Nos llevà ³ al hotel, y luego fuimos a las ruinas de una ciudad que estaba cercada.First we will pratice yoga, and then we will study different meditation techniques. Primero practicaremos el yoga, y  luego vamos a estudiar  y practicar diferentes tà ©cnicas de meditacià ³n.   Then Meaning Therefore or in That Case Entonces is a common translation for therefore or phrases with similar meanings, although you can sometimes use various phrases of causation as well. When there is jealousy among those who profess to be religious, then there is a huge need for revival. Cuando hay celos entre los que profesan ser religiosos, entonces hay gran necesidad de un avivamiento.Good, then well leave early in the morning. Bueno, entonces salgamos temprano en la maà ±ana.If an activity is dangerous, then we have to do something. Si una actividad es peligroso entonces tenemos hacer algo.   Then as an Adjective   When then is used as an adjective to refer to something that used to be, entonces can be used. The then president, Fidel Castro, began to persecute political dissidents. El entonces presidente, Fidel Castro, lanzà ³ una persecucià ³n de disidentes polà ­ticos. The Bible verses refer to the then city of Babylon. Los versà ­culos biblicos refieren a la entonces ciudad de Babilonia. Then as a Filler Word or Intensifier   Then is often used in English sentences where it adds no substantial meaning, or sometimes for mere emphasis. If it can be omitted from the sentence, there may be no need to translate it. For example, in a sentence such as What do you want, then? then doesnt really need to be translated, as you could indicate your attitude through tone of voice. Or you could use the word pues as a similar word: Pues  ¿quà © quieres? Or, entonces can be used as indicated above when it means therefore: Entonces  ¿quà © quieres? Then in Various Phrases   Like other words that appear in idioms, then often isnt translated directly when it appears in a phrase, but the phrase itself is translated: From then on, I have been very afraid. Desde entonces tengo mucho miedo.Now and then its good to pamper yourself. De vez en cuando es bueno mimarse un poco.It is known that the first victim of wars is truth. Then again, it is very difficult for a military authority to allow a journalist to work in its territory. Se sabe que la primera và ­ctima de las guerras es la verdad.Por otra parte, es muy difà ­cil que un mando militar deje a un periodista trabajar en su territorio.Back then, there were giants on the Earth. En aquellos dà ­as habà ­a gigantes en la Tierra.

Customer-perceived value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer-perceived value - Essay Example Customer-perceived value Thus marketers should really work hard so as not only to attract customers, but also retain them by providing the maximum customer perceived value. For instance, Nike which is a well-known brand, endorsed Michael Jordan who is a professional NBA player and came up with a unique line of shoes known as Air Jordan(s).Thus Nike seems to know all too well the importance of developing customer-perceived value that is strong. Eventually all the publicity about the unique line of Air Jordans together with limited edition of Jordans, are all consumer-perceived. Thus such a product is perceived to be having more benefits than the one offered by its competitors making consumers more willing to pay the hiked price so as to get it (Gale & Wood, 1994). Total customer satisfaction is the ability of a product or a service to satisfy the needs of a customer. It is clear that when a business taxes expands or grows more market share than its competitors, the company should focus on the needs of satisfying the customer. Moreover, ensuring that the customers’ needs are met should be a fundamental goal of any business. Customer satisfaction is thus a term constantly used in marketing and is a measure of how services and products that a company supplies meets or surpasses customer expectations.. It is mostly taken as major performance indicator in business and mostly is an aspect of a Balanced Scorecard. Customer satisfaction is taken as a main differentiator in competitive marketplace where companies are in competition for customers and has progressively become a core aspect of business strategy. It is therefore very important for enterprises to efficiently deal with customer satisfaction.

Research Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Research Project - Essay Example ’s tangible resources, such as cash reserves and information technologies, managers utilize marketing promotions as an intangible resource that either makes a firm attractive to existing or prospective customers. Marketing promotions consist of efforts to communicate the total value of a service or a product for customers with the intention of increasing sales through these communications (Kotler and Keller 2009). Marketing promotions consist of advertising and publicity to achieve the objective of properly positioning a firm against competition, increasing sales, building a corporate identity and generally increase customer demand (Solomon, et al. 2006). For some managers, the problem faced in achieving competitive advantage is that their respective firms produce and distribute products that are comparable to competition. Such products have homogenous features and benefits to competitive offerings, hence when attempting to communicate product value, it becomes increasingly difficult to build incentive with customers to select one firm’s products over that of competitors. As a result, managers exploit the marketing function in operations as a means of differentiating a product from that of comparable competitor products. Differentiation is a strategic effort to create a distinguished identity for a product which makes a product appear more interesting and desirable for a company’s most sought-after customer target segments (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2014). Nandan (2005) asserts that in today’s competitive business environment, it is becoming more simplistic for competing firms to imitate and reproduce the features and benefits of a competitor’s product. With the ability of a firm to procure similar production technologies whilst also building a competent research and development team, companies that once offered unique products for consumers are being threatened with a shortened product life cycle as a result of replicated competing products being